| In order to run any Olympic Games, it is crucial that rules are strictly obeyed and measurements are recorded. |
为保证每一届奥运会的顺利进行，严格遵循比赛规则，准确记录比赛成绩是至关重要。 |
| A small army of officials must work behind the scenes to make sure the competitions run smoothly.From head judges to ball boys to equipment operators, all areas of event operation must be managed precisely. |
一部分管理人员和裁判必须在现场工作，以保证顺利进行。上至裁判长，下至球童、器械操作员，所有区域的运作必须得到严格准确的管理。
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| While the president of the IOC stands at the top of the hierarchy, thousands of other officials take part in the running of events. These officials oversee, monitor,measure and record the athletes and the data resulting from competition. |
国际奥委会主席是最高官员，成百上千的管理人员和裁判直接参与运动会的运作。这些人负责监察、督促、测量和记录运动员及他们在比赛中的成绩。 |
| Sometimes their judgment is subjective, as is the case with football refereeing. At other times, they must follow an objective procedure such as measuring the length of a long jump. |
有时候他们的判断是主观的，如在足球比赛中。大部分时候他们必须遵循客观的程序，如他们测量跳远的距离。 |
| All duties however follow strict guidelines whether they require observation,the use of techmical devices or the movement of things. |
当然，无论他们是要求观察、检查专业器械或者是项目的进展，所有的职责都必须严格遵循相关规定。
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| Head judges are the final decision makers and oversee the work of event judges. |
裁判长是做出最终决定的人，并且监督裁判工作。 |
| There are many types of judges with some of them, such as in soccer and tennis, being referred to as referees or umpires. There are also linesman, ball boys net cord officials, field officials and scorers. |
裁判分许多种，如在足球和网球中，他们被称为裁判员或仲裁员。其他还有巡边员、第四官员和记分员。
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| While people fo many of the ruling tasks, machines and equipment often assist in the monitoring and data collection. Timing devices, sensors,starting guns, wind gauges, electronic equipment, scales, measuring tapes, drug testing and video equipment are examples. |
虽然很多裁判工作有专职人员完成，但监督和数据收集还是要靠机器和设备的帮助，如计时设备，感应器，发令枪，风速计，电子距离测量器，摄影设备，度量器，卷尺，药物检测和录像设备。
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| It is the combining of knowledgeable officials and modern equipment that give credibility to the Olympic games. |
专业的管理人员，裁判和现代化的设备为奥运会的真实性提供了保障。 |
| This is extremely important for establishing not only world records, but so that the right team or athlete is awarded their proper and fair result. |
这一点至关重要，不管是世界记录创造者还是运动团队或运动员，他们都依靠自己真正的实力获得他们应得的奖励。 |
| It is likely that into the future more and more technology will be adapted to record and analyze sports information. |
未来，将有越来越多的技术被用来记录和分析比赛信息。
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| A big change came in the 1970's when timing went from hand-operated stopwatches to electronic timing devices that can measure to less than 1/100th second intervals.
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70年代的一个重大变革是采用电子计时设备取代了手工操作的秒表，它能测出0.01秒内的差别。 |
| More recently measurement in throwing events has progressed from tape measures to electronic light sensing systems that can record distances quickly and accurately. |
更多先进的测量设备在投掷类项目中得到应用，如电子灯光感应系统取代了卷尺，它能更快更准确地测量距离。 |
| Video playback technologies are now enabling referees to make repeated observations at various angles,speeds and enlargements to adjudicate close calls. |
录像重放技术使裁判能够从不同角度、以不同速度和放大画面反复观察以判决犯规动作 |
| In close photo finish races, technical adjudication is now used. |
对于实力非常接近的比赛，现在已经采用了技术裁判。 |
